Many say that the phrase consensus of opinion is redundant and hence should be avoided: The committee's statement represented a consensus of opinion. These dynamics may harm group member relationships and undermine the ability of a group to cooperatively implement a contentious decision. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. For example, the anti-nuclear and engaged in consensus decision-making processes. Mohawk — Discovering the Valley of the Crystals.
Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods Indiana University Press: 1990 , 1993 paperback ed. A ringi-sho is a circulation document used to obtain agreement. This provision motivates a group to make sure that all group members consent to any new proposal before it is adopted. If its level of support surpasses a minimum consensus coefficient, it may be adopted. Fortunately for homeowners, a consensus has not been reached in favor of a property tax increase. Consensus is now widely used attributively, especially in the phrase consensus politics.
Consensus decision-making is a process in which group members develop, and agree to support a decision in the best interest of the whole group or common goal. . Vi har også gjort det enkelt for deg å legge til et synonym dersom det mangler. Additionally, opponents of majority rule claim that it can lead to a '', a scenario in which a majority places its interests so far above those of an individual or minority group as to constitute active oppression. Archived from on March 13, 2007. Many of the participants learned about the spokescouncil model on the fly by participating in it directly, and came to better understand their planned action by hearing others' concerns and voicing their own. Om uppslagsordet ändrar form vid en viss böjning, skrivs hela ordet eller åtminstone stammen om, t.
Although the name and nature of these roles varies from group to group, the most common are the , , a timekeeper, an empath and a secretary or notes taker. Either decisions are never made leading to the demise of the group, its conversion into a social group that does not accomplish any tasks , they are made covertly, or some group or individual dominates the rest. The origins of formal consensus-making can be traced significantly further back, to the , or Quakers, who adopted the technique as early as the 17th century. They work well with groups of less than 250 people and especially with multi-lingual groups. This can mean that a specific state of affairs can continue to exist in an organization long after a majority of members would like it to change. Based on philosophy, the model operates as a consensus-building model, as the clinician addresses ethical conflicts through a process of negotiating to consensus. The facilitator is understood as serving the group rather than acting as person-in-charge.
Randy Schutt, Starhawk and other practitioners of focus on the hazards of apparent agreement followed by action in which group splits become dangerously obvious. Effective timekeepers use a variety of techniques to ensure the meeting runs on time including: giving frequent time updates, ample warning of short time, and keeping individual speakers from taking an excessive amount of time. In this method each member of the group can hold up a fist to indicate blocking consensus, one finger to suggest changes, two fingers to discuss minor issues, three fingers to indicate willingness to let issue pass without further discussion, four fingers to affirm the decision as a good idea, and five fingers to volunteer to take a lead in implementing the decision. Since unanimity of this kind only rarely occurs in groups with more than one member, groups that try to use this kind of process usually end up being either extremely frustrated or coercive. It has its origin in the word cōnsēnsus agreement , which is from cōnsentiō meaning literally feel together. Shared is often adopted to diffuse the perceived power of the facilitator and create a system whereby a co-facilitator can pass off facilitation duties if he or she becomes more personally engaged in a debate. The Quaker model has been adapted by for application to secular settings, and can be effectively applied in any consensus decision-making process.
In the and South African process of , community leaders gather to listen to the public and negotiate towards an acceptable compromise. You can complete the list of synonyms of consensus given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster. In his book about Wikipedia, considers the merits and challenges of consensus in open and online communities. In the case of an activist spokescouncil preparing for the , affinity groups disputed their spokescouncil's imposition of nonviolence in their action guidelines. Key components of Quaker-based consensus include a belief in a common and the ability to decide together. Center for the Study of Democracy. Additionally, the time commitment required to engage in the consensus decision-making process can sometimes act as a barrier to participation for individuals unable or unwilling to make the commitment.
However, this makes it very difficult to tell the difference between those who support the decision and those who merely tactically tolerate it for the incentive. The referees produce and display a list of these options. The World's Business Cultures and How to Unlock Them. If the potential outcome of the fall-back method can be anticipated, then those who support that outcome have incentives to block consensus so that the fall-back method gets applied. The general direction of the group and potential proposals for action are often identified during the discussion. The Logic of Democracy: Reconciling, Equality, Deliberation, and Minority Protection.
All members have the opportunity to present, and amend proposals. Synonym Et synonym er et ord som har samme eller liknende betydning som et annet ord. In groups with a unanimity decision rule, a single block is sufficient to stop a proposal. Perhaps the oldest example is the , which has used consensus in decision-making using a 75% super majority to finalize decisions, potentially as early as 1142. However, once a decision has been reached it can be acted on more quickly than a decision handed down.